ЭКОНОМИКО-ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ УЧАСТИЯ НЕМЕЦКИХ ВУЗОВ В ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССАХ

Title

Social-economic aspects of German universities innovation activities

Автор(ы)

Е.В. Романова, Н.Ю. Никифорова

Author(s)

E.V Romanova, N.Y. Nikiforova

DOI

10.5922/1994-5280-2020-3-8

Страницы/Pages

92-104

Статья

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Ключевые слова

региональная инновационная система, университет, Германия, инновационная политика, образование, экономика знаний, кластеры, конкурентоспособность, сетевая экономика.

Keywords

regional innovation system, university, Germany, innovation policy, education, knowledge economy, clusters, competitiveness, network economy.

Аннотация

В условиях нарастающего конкурентного давления повышается роль университетов в развитии инноваций как на национальном, так и на региональном уровне. Одновременно происходит сдвиг от доминирующих кооперационных связей «государство – предприятия» в индустриальном обществе к связям «государство – предприятия – университеты» в «обществе знаний». В данной работе анализ дифференциации территории страны по уровню инновационного развития выявил 4 типа региональных инновационных систем (РИС) (инновационное ядро, крепкие бизнес-инноваторы, РИС с высокой долей господдержки, инновационная периферия) и 5 типов университетских округов по роли научно-исследовательской и образовательной функции вузов (ведущие, высоко-, средне-, слаборазвитые и отсталые). Изучение структуры финансирования научно-исследовательской деятельности вузов показывает, что их инновационная активность формируется в значительной мере под влиянием региональной инновационной среды, но также зависит от действия институциональных факторов. На Западе масштабы научно- исследовательской деятельности вузов определяются преимущественно интенсивностью кооперации с бизнесом, а на Востоке, в первую очередь, объемами государственной поддержки научно-исследовательских и опытно-конструкторских работ.

Abstract (summary)

Under conditions of growing competitive pressure, a role of universities in the development of innovations at both national and regional levels increases. At the same time, there is a shift from the dominant cooperative ties between the state and the enterprises in an industrial society to the ties between the state and enterprises and universities in the knowledge society. This work performed characterization of Germany by the level of innovative development. 4 types of Regional Innovation Systems were identified: innovation core, strong business- innovators, clusters with high level of governmental support, innovation periphery. Further, the territory was investigated for the formation of the research and educational function of universities and 5 types of regions with different types of universities (leading, high, medium, underdeveloped and backward) were identified. An analysis of the laws governing university participation in innovation processes has shown that their innovation activity is formed under the influence of both the regional innovation environment and institutional factors. In the western part of the country, the nature of research activity of universities is driven mainly by their intensity of cooperation with businesses while in the eastern part it is determined by the level of state support for R & D.

 

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