ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ШКОЛЬНЫХ ВЫБОРОВ В ШВЕЦИИ

Title

Spatial patterns of the school elections in Sweden

Автор(ы)

Ф.М. Чернецкий

Author(s)

F.M. Chernetskii

DOI

10.5922/1994-5280-2022-2-9

Страницы/Pages

106-116

Статья

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Ключевые слова

школьные выборы, Швеция, SkolVal, школьное голосование, электоральная география, эффект соседства.

Keywords

 School elections, Sweden, SkolVal, student vote, electoral geography, neighborhood effect.

Аннотация

Школьные выборы – эксперимент для учеников, имитирующий электоральный процесс, в ходе которого подростки могут приобщиться к политической культуре своей страны, познакомиться с процедурой голосования, кандидатами, политическими партиями и их программами. В Швеции школьные выборы проводятся с 1998 г., и к настоящему времени в них участвует подавляющее большинство учеников, то есть почти 500 тыс. чел. Результаты их голосования можно анализировать так же, как и итоги обычных выборов, но в этом случае исследователи имеют возможность работать с электоральными предпочтениями небольшой и относительно гомогенной группы избирателей. В данной статье анализируются школьные выборы 2018 г. и география их результатов в Швеции. При близких общих результатах голосований, география итогов обычных выборов не совпадает территориально с голосованием среди школьников, их соотношение демонстрирует большую мозаичность в распределении поддержки партий старшеклассниками. Их голосование характеризуется повышенной ролью эффекта соседства, тогда как география парламентских выборов в Швеции объясняется преимущественно классической моделью социально-экономических расколов. Кроме того, выявляется неожиданно большая разница в электоральном поведении между учащимися в школах и студентами университетов.

Abstract (summary)

Talking about school elections implies a talk about an experiment which allows teenagers to familiarize themselves with their country’s electoral culture. It also provides an opportunity to learn about candidates, political parties, political debates, and electoral process in general. These «experimental elections» have been taking place in Sweden since the end of the XX century. Nowadays, most of school students participate in the school elections. The results of this voting can be analysed as well as the results of common elections except the fact of analysing electoral preferences of small and relatively homogeneous group. In this particular article school elections that had taken place in Sweden in 2018 were analysed as a spatial process. Final results of voting are quite close to those that can be seen in common elections though spatial diversity varies. The results of school elections also show the increasing role of contextual (neighbourhood) effect comparing to «adult» elections and brings out an unexpectedly high difference in electoral behaviour between students of schools and those who study in colleges.

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